The number of deer in Chiltern woodlands, as in many woodlands in England, has been increasing in recent decades. Deer browse on young shoots and leaves of trees and wildflowers. They can make a major impact in a wood by damaging young saplings, destroying many ground plants and creating a ‘browse line’ on mature trees. Fallow, roe and muntjac deer are all found in Chiltern woods. In some areas, such as the Ashridge Estate near Tring, deer are culled on an annual basis to reduce their impact on the woods.